Moldtox has an active and significant role to improve the digestion of protein fat and carotenoidsand is particularly effective in the absorption of methionine in intestine.

Moldtox is considered to be one of the most newts additives as anticoccidial medications, which is mainly added to fodder for poultry, and it is important to note that coccidiosis is not able to resist Moldtox because its vegetable source.

Moldtox increases adenosine and homocysteine in the liver, it create and concentrate methionine by using methyl groups from the carbon pool in the chick to homocysteine for methionine synthesis. The Moldtox contributes the methyl group more than three times of the choline.

Moldtox contributes to the synthesis of casein by transferring long chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane and is involved in oxidation processes.

Moldtox stimulates the proliferation of cells in the intestinal tissues, especially the mucosa and in the enlargement of the lining of the intestinal wall and thus increase the surface absorption of nutrients. Lower intestinal pH and increase in intestinal alkalinity which improves digestion efficiency of methionine.

Moldtox is a major methyl donor that helps with cellular balance, reducing the requirements of methyl donors such as methionine and choline.

Additional benefits are found in improved slaughter characteristics (more breast meat yield and less abdominal fat), preventing heat stress, and promoting better resistance towards coccidiosis.

Bendezu et al (2015) reduced the ethione+cysteine (M+C) levels in a layer diet with 20% and without supplementation of choline chloride observed a reduction in egg weight (2.85%) and egg mass (6.26%) when compared to the regular diet.

Not to be overlooked is the quality of dietary protein, which should contain well balanced essential amino acids, in particularly methionine, for the synthesis of proteins forming the shell support base.While contributing with less than 1% of eggshell weight, the protein component has a very important role in the calcification of the shell, taking part in the core processes of support and modelling limestone structure. Replacing 567 g/t methionine by 454 g/t betaine looks promising not only by acting as a methyl group donor, but also to improve osmotic status and ionic tolerance of membranes; intestines; liver and kidneys.

Heat stress adversely influences feed intake, laying performance and decreases the welfare of laying hens. Heat stress will also negatively influence the process of ovulation, egg formation and oviposition. Attia et al (2016) studied the effect of heat stress. They observed a decrease in body weight (2.5 %), laying rate (11 %), egg mass (12.8 %), feed intake (5.9 %) and FCR (8.6 %) for layers reared under the heat stress and without betaine. The same authors also observed that the supplementation of 10000 g/t of betaine in heat stress temperatures, recovered the layer’s body weight, laying rate, egg weight and egg mass with no differences to the layers reared in the optimal temperature. Survival rate of the laying hens improved, although only numerica.

Another important feature of the addition of betaine in poultry and swine diets is the lipogenic capacity, responsible for reducing abdominal fat and prevention of fat accumulation in the liver.

The excessive accumulation of fat in modern laying hens, is a worldwide problem that may cause fatty liver syndrome and lower egg production and quality. Carnitine is a cofactor for transformation of free, long-chain fatty acids into acylcarnitines, and the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, where they are used for cellular energy production. For synthesis of carnitine, methylgroups are required from the transmethylation cycle. As such, adding betaine to the diet increases carnitine levels in the body and prevents fatty liver problems. A crucial enzyme, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, is responsible for synthesis of both betaine from choline, as well as for the synthesis of carnitine from lysine and methylgroups. Studies suggest that the enzyme has a preference for choline-betaine conversion. Due to competition for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, choline supplementation might decrease carnitine synthesis; therefore, it might be of greater benefit to supplement with betaine rather than its precursor, choline. Betaine supplementation enhances the lipase activity, and provided a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol in the body.